COVID DIAGNOSIS
Faster and accurate detection of COVID-19 related pneumonia in a Computed Tomography.
INTRODUCTION
• We all know that mankind is in a great threat owing to the current pandemic situation COVID-19.
• There are no vaccines, no way to find an eradication to its transmission, no reservoirs or no precise prophylactic drug.
• Even there are no exact ways to diagnose it at the earlier stage. As most of the case that came recently are found to be asymptomatic and to add up in certain instances where there is no travel history as well.
• Why there aren’t vaccines found still?
It is because this virus mutates it’s antigenic property frequently or to be more precise it alters the genes that codes for it’s antigenic peptides.
How does it spread and what are the precautions taken ?
• It usually spreads by man to man contact and in some instances by means of surface contact where the virus is found. As it is known, this virus can stay in a metal surface for six hours.
• As stated previously there are no ways to prevent surface contact because spraying disinfectant in open space is of no use. This was confirmed by WHO recently.
• Who are the most susceptible once?
It is evident that people who are already associated with some ailments are more prone for this disease. Like people with diabetes mellitus, diagnosed cancer [ devoid of whatever stage it may be ], diabetes , hypertension, in immunocompromised individuals i.e infants, pregnant women, elderly people.
USE OF CT:
• Since there is no precise detection of this disease, faster and accurate detection of this disease, as well as isolation of such individuals at the earlier stage for a better prognosis is our greatest concern now.
• Currently RT-PCR [ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction] is used to diagnose COVID-19. However, it is reported that it may not detect the disease at the earlier stage and it may need complementary tests as well.
• Hence there are attempts to detect this disease using CT image. For instance, CHINA has developed a deeper learning model for which classifies the high resolution CT [HRCT] into three types and diagnosed accordingly.
Here are some findings,
1.Ground glass opacities in the bilateral lower lobes with a rounded morphology
2.Bilateral ground glass and consolidative opacities with a striking peripheral disturbances.
3.Bilateral consolidative opacities, with a striking peripheral distribution in the right lobe [solid arrow], and rounded morphology in the left lobe
4.” crazy-paving” pattern as manifested by right lower lobe ground glass opacification with interlobular septal thickening with interlobar lines.
5. A patch of faint opacification in the upper lobe of left lung with a ring of denser consolidation
6. Unilateral located peripheral consolidation.
7. Patchy areas of consolidation found in multiple sites and interlobular septal thickening observed.
8. Consolidation of right upper lobe and interlobular septal thickening in left upper lobe are seen.
• Patients with fever and/or cough and with conspicuous ground glass opacities lesions in the peripheral and posterior lungs on CT images combined with normal or decreased white blood cell and a history of epidemic exposure are highly susceptible of 2019-nCoV pneumonia.
INTRODUCTION
• We all know that mankind is in a great threat owing to the current pandemic situation COVID-19.
• There are no vaccines, no way to find an eradication to its transmission, no reservoirs or no precise prophylactic drug.
• Even there are no exact ways to diagnose it at the earlier stage. As most of the case that came recently are found to be asymptomatic and to add up in certain instances where there is no travel history as well.
• Why there aren’t vaccines found still?
It is because this virus mutates it’s antigenic property frequently or to be more precise it alters the genes that codes for it’s antigenic peptides.
How does it spread and what are the precautions taken ?
• It usually spreads by man to man contact and in some instances by means of surface contact where the virus is found. As it is known, this virus can stay in a metal surface for six hours.
• As stated previously there are no ways to prevent surface contact because spraying disinfectant in open space is of no use. This was confirmed by WHO recently.
• Who are the most susceptible once?
It is evident that people who are already associated with some ailments are more prone for this disease. Like people with diabetes mellitus, diagnosed cancer [ devoid of whatever stage it may be ], diabetes , hypertension, in immunocompromised individuals i.e infants, pregnant women, elderly people.
USE OF CT:
• Since there is no precise detection of this disease, faster and accurate detection of this disease, as well as isolation of such individuals at the earlier stage for a better prognosis is our greatest concern now.
• Currently RT-PCR [ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction] is used to diagnose COVID-19. However, it is reported that it may not detect the disease at the earlier stage and it may need complementary tests as well.
• Hence there are attempts to detect this disease using CT image. For instance, CHINA has developed a deeper learning model for which classifies the high resolution CT [HRCT] into three types and diagnosed accordingly.
Here are some findings,
1.Ground glass opacities in the bilateral lower lobes with a rounded morphology
2.Bilateral ground glass and consolidative opacities with a striking peripheral disturbances.
3.Bilateral consolidative opacities, with a striking peripheral distribution in the right lobe [solid arrow], and rounded morphology in the left lobe
4.” crazy-paving” pattern as manifested by right lower lobe ground glass opacification with interlobular septal thickening with interlobar lines.
5. A patch of faint opacification in the upper lobe of left lung with a ring of denser consolidation
6. Unilateral located peripheral consolidation.
7. Patchy areas of consolidation found in multiple sites and interlobular septal thickening observed.
8. Consolidation of right upper lobe and interlobular septal thickening in left upper lobe are seen.
• Patients with fever and/or cough and with conspicuous ground glass opacities lesions in the peripheral and posterior lungs on CT images combined with normal or decreased white blood cell and a history of epidemic exposure are highly susceptible of 2019-nCoV pneumonia.
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